The upper gastrointestinal
(GI) series uses x rays to diagnose problems in the esophagus, stomach,
and duodenum (first part of the small intestine). It may also be used
to examine the small intestine. The upper GI series can show a blockage,
abnormal growth, ulcer, or a problem with the way an organ is working.
During the procedure, you will drink barium, a thick, white, milkshake-like
liquid. Barium coats the inside lining of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
and makes them show up more clearly on x rays. The radiologist can also
see ulcers, scar tissue, abnormal growths, hernias, or areas where something
is blocking the normal path of food through the digestive system. Using
a machine called a fluoroscope, the radiologist is also able to watch your
digestive system work as the barium moves through it. This part of the
procedure shows any problems in how the digestive system functions, for
example, whether the muscles that control swallowing are working properly.
As the barium moves into the small intestine, the radiologist can take
x rays of it as well.
An upper GI series takes 1 to 2 hours. X rays of the small intestine may
take 3 to 5 hours. It is not uncomfortable. The barium may cause constipation
and white-colored stool for a few days after the procedure.
Preparation
Your stomach and small intestine must be empty for the procedure to be
accurate, so the night before you will not be able to eat or drink anything
after midnight. Your physician may give you other specific instructions.
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